Thursday, November 28, 2019

Three Major Concept of Drawing Essay Example For Students

Three Major Concept of Drawing Essay According to dictionary, Drawing is a form of visual expression and is one of the major forms within the visual arts. There are a number of subcategories of drawing such as cartoons, monochromatic, color pencil drawing, and other types of drawings. More interesting fact about drawing through reading this book was that it did not come actually part of term art. Drawing was exist for the long time of the period and used as communication, but as times o by, all the people founded Old drawing, or the painting and started to invent the term drawing. Dodson was pointed out the drawing as the three major concept as Structures. First he pointed out that Looking, holding, and drawing a line is very important. And absolutely agree the way that he describes the basic ideas was totally the lesson that learned during drawing class. The way that look at the objects and the way that holding (or controlling you r pencil or charcoal) and the way that use different style of lines to shade or draw shape as absolutely good point. Second point is about the tones, layout, perspective and artistry. We will write a custom essay on Three Major Concept of Drawing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Reading his work and see his example of drawing was absolutely including different types of shading tones, and layout. For my case I am still struggle with the way that control the tone of the pencil. It is really hard for me to deal with it before first semester started, but after I took drawing class I started to understand the value and the layout (such as the negative perspective and he positive perspective,) also the way that present composition was another big idea that learned. It is very important for the drawing especially to show clear presentation with illustration of the purpose, Lastly, he pointed about the media. Drawing is not just about using pencil to draw. Its true that all the art works foundation is drawing, but not the media. Especially we see a lot of different art styles, and drawing categories. They are all using different tools, papers and the technique. One thing was not very happy about Dodson was that he did not clearly pointed out about why drawing is so important, and how much important drawing is. But same time did understand, even though he did not point out all the people knows that art is based on drawing. Again through this book I realized that drawing is was not just simple art term. It makes me think that drawing is the father other all different types of art work. Because it is definitely foundation of every artwork as what learned and what Dodson pointed out.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Disrespect and Dr. Fell

Disrespect and Dr. Fell Disrespect and Dr. Fell Disrespect and Dr. Fell By Maeve Maddox I’ve always enjoyed this cheeky translation of Martial’s 32nd epigram: I do not like thee, Dr. Fell, The reason why, I cannot tell; But this I know, and know full well: I do not like thee, Dr. Fell It reminds me of the continuing outcry against the acceptance of disrespect as a verb in standard English. Like many speakers, I reacted to the use of disrespect as a verb with surprise and disapproval the first time I heard it. It still pushes my â€Å"sounds wrong† button when I hear it used in a formal context. Apparently this reader feels the same: Seriously peeved with the use of â€Å"disrespect† as a verb as in â€Å"He disrespected me†.   What is that?   Please make them stop. I had to smile at the â€Å"Please make them stop.† When it comes to usage, who can hold a fire in his hand By thinking on the frosty Caucasus? –Richard II A word that fills a need for millions of speakers will find its way into standard speech, despite such objections as these: Im fine with it [disrespect] being used in, for instance, meaning no disrespect. , but it drives me wild when I hear dont disrespect me or she disrespected my space. It makes me want to scream! As far as I’m concerned, the word disrespect should be treated as street slang and nothing else. Disrespect should be banned as a verb. Its a cultural thing, one to which I do not subscribe. Occasionally, someone counters objections to disrespect by citing the OED: Look in the Oxford English Dictionary. Disrespect has been used as a transitive verb since the early 1600s. This defense that disrespect is in the OED as a verb cuts no ice with true objectors: â€Å"Disrespect† as a verb or adjective, however old and prehistoric the word may be, make me cringe. I hate the word, and anyone using it in conversation with me is sure to receive no respect from me. â€Å"Disrespect† is indeed correct when used as a verb. But I still think it sounds wrong that way so I refuse to use it. Instead of You disrespect me, I would choose to say, You show me disrespect. The Google Ngram Viewer shows that the expression â€Å"disrespect me† was in moderate use earlier, but that it really took off in the 1980s, about the same time American hip hop music hit the mainstream and it became necessary to explain the word diss (as in â€Å"Diss me and don’t diss my daddy†). Like it or not, the use of disrespect as a verb is grammatically unobjectionable. If one may â€Å"respect one’s elders,† one may also â€Å"disrespect one’s elders.† If people are respected, they may be disrespected. The only justification I can see for the intense dislike felt for this usage by so many commenters is that–like the speaker in the Dr. Fell rhyme–they do not like it. For them I have written a manifesto: I do not like thee, Disrespect, Perhaps it is your sound effect, That causes me to so object And makes you sound so incorrect. But this I more than just suspect: I do not like thee, Disrespect. Related post: That Annoying New Verb â€Å"disrespect† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative ConflictRules for Capitalization in TitlesHow Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Water Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Water Pollution - Essay Example Furthermore, the waste materials lead to a decrease in the level of oxygen, that the wildlife inside the water have access to, and this weakens their body systems, as well as proves a significant problem for the coming generations of all these plants and animals. People living in and around the area also usually consume these fish and other types of sea food from the water bodies and fall sick due to eating contaminated food too. In the 1970s, the River Tees in England faced heavy pollution for over a decade which caused a great amount of problems including the absence of Common Seals and Grey Seals from the river. However, in recent times, the estuary has undergone major improvements and the seals can now be seen once again on the Seal Sands. The absence of flora and fauna speak volumes about the drastic levels of pollution that Tees was forced to face. (D.W. Pattenden) The water underwent a large number of changes including a difference in taste, colour and volume and this has caus ed a vast amount of problems for most of the people in the area too. The river Tees is situated in the Northern part of England, rising on the Eastern slope of Cross Fell in the Northern Pennies. It flows in the eastward direction and joins the North Sea near Middlesbrough between Redcar and Hartlepool. The river flows 120km from its source and many people say that the water that forms a part of the river is often very discoloured due to heavy pollutants present within it. A Hazen scale is now used in order to understand the colour of the water. The main cause for pollution of the river was heavy industrialization and thus contaminants in the form of industrial wastes and dumping, and over 500 tonnes of these toxic contaminants were being dumped into the river each day. This caused the river to become the most polluted water body in Britain. The main effects of all these wastes were that the water temperature of the river grew to a great extent, causing a decrease in the dissolved o xygen it contained. And thus, it was no surprise that no plants or animals were able to survive properly in the water of Tees. Due to the decreased levels of wildlife survival, the problem was sought to be tackled by the concerned government departments and the main solution that they brought to the scene was declining permits and tightening the discharge permits to industries and companies situated in and around the river. In the year 1972, these changes began to be adopted and the dirt in the area soon began to decrease. (Natural Britain, The River Tees, County Durham) A great part of the land from the river Tees had also been reclaimed in order to use for building businesses, bring about leisure development, as well as maintenance for public recreation. Various actions were taken in order to clean the environment around the river, cleanse the waste and garbage material as well as take initiative to treat the domestic sewage and industrial discharges coming from the factories and industries. The main idea was for industries to understand that they cannot be harming the environment or giving rise to new technology at the cost of wildlife and nature; the heavy pollution of the river has also caused problems for people eating the contaminated fish from the very water body and thus is a threat to not only the wildlife but also to the people who live in and around the area. (Biodiversity – Rivers) After having tested the water, it was found out that the water contained toxic levels of lead and lethal levels of bacteria and protozoa which were stemming the

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Helens mental health Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Helens mental health - Case Study Example She should encourage Helen's daughter to give Helen the company of her grand children at least if possible. Helen's daughter can either take her to New Zealand or come back and stay with Helen for the rest of her life if possible. If the above option does not work, then the nurse should ask Helen's daughter to consider sending Helen to some elder care homes. In any case Helen needs the company and assistance of somebody to get rid of her crazy life at present. The primary mission of the social workers is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic needs of all people, with a particular focus on the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. (Social Worker's Responsibilities) Building relationships with the needy people, ensuring social justice to all etc are some other services which needed to be addressed by the social worker or community nurse in future.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Able Company's Trip to Trauma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Able Company's Trip to Trauma - Essay Example Likewise, in the business setting too, such medications are required when the business is not going well. The need to cured is directly proportional to the amount of recovery that is required. If we have fever, the medication is a pill only. If it is something like malaria, the medicine is some injection, but what happens when somebody is in the Emergency Unit. Similarly, when the business is in condition where people see its liquidation as a near future, the companies like Able Inc. are then called to be in Intensive Care Unit or Emergency Rooms, which means they require quick action with the best possible steps to let it put on the track of recovery. In such case, the strategic objectives for the organizations are just the medical prescriptions for the ailing patient at Emergency Ward. Just like the prescription of doctor is considered as the last way to recover and thus is religiously followed, same is the case with the strategic objectives. They are like to last boat to sit and c ross the river, otherwise, bankruptcy is must.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Case Study on Social Identity Theory

Case Study on Social Identity Theory Zuneirah Omar Social Identity Theory is a social psychological study which includes self-conception in group memberships (Hogg, 1990). This comes from the concept of social identity which is the meaning that one derives from their social group as well as the fact that they are a part of that social group (Trepte, 2006). Henceforth, this essay on Social Identity theory focuses on the lives of two students at the University of Cape Town (UCT), namely Sisanda and Andrew. Their identities during their undergraduate years of study are described and compared throughout the essay, incorporating the social identity theory, by means of a description of the theory using three concepts to describe the events that point out their group memberships. Included in these concepts is the key assumption of the theory. In order to emphasise the use of this key assumption, the identity strategies of the theory are described as well as related to the lives of the two students. Finally, together with the identity strate gies are the criticisms of the strategies as well as the theory as a whole. Sisanda is a female from Kwazulu-Natal. She lived in a rural village with her grandmother, following this she moved to an informal settlement nearby to live with her parents. Sisanda did very well at high school and had many resources at her disposal to help her with her school work. Throughout her studies she has aimed to maintain her Zulu identity as opposed to adopting a western identity. Sisanda came to UCT in order to study and thereafter have the opportunity to return home and give back to her community, however, since she felt unwelcome by her community after leaving to study, she decided to stay in Cape Town and help improve communities here (Bangeni, 2005). Andrew grew up in East London and then moved to a â€Å"coloured† township in Cape Town. Andrew had a lot of motivation to do well in High school in order to change his life for the better. Andrew was a very good student, despite the lack of resources that his school offered. He wanted to finish his studies and thereafter give back to his community, however during an early stage in his studies, when he was away from home and at Residence at UCT he experienced a lot of rejection from his community. Finally, Andrew has a strong ambition to maintain his home identity (Bangeni, 2005). The events which occurred during Sisanda and Andrews time at university that have influenced or had an influence on their identities will be incorporated and elaborated further in this essay, by using the Social identity theory which will be described using three concepts. These include the individual positions, three social principles and a central assumption (De La Rey, 2003). The individual component discussed here is self-concept. This is when an individual comprises of both, a personal and a social identity (De La Rey, 2003). In this essay we will focus mostly on Sisanda and Andrews’s social identities in order to clearly identify their group memberships, however their individual identities will be touched on briefly. The three social principles are status hierarchy, legitimacy or illegitimacy of the status hierarchy and permeability of group boundaries and status security (De La Rey, 2003). They both came from backgrounds of a lower status in comparison to the individuals backgrounds they compare themselves to at UCT. We see this when they mention that the students at UCT have a lot of wealth and they spend a lot. They both chose to maintain their individual status identities by not giving in to spend money as easily as their colleagues do. In Andrews’s case this is evident from the beginning when he chose not to be a part of the peer group that wasn’t a part of his personal class and status identity, he chose not to be a part of the coloured group as he says they are middle class, English individuals and they tend to look down at less privileged individuals such as himself (Bangeni, 2005). Thus demonstrating how the status hierarchy influenced his identity. Correspondingly, both Sisanda and Andrew have strong associations with their identities in relation to the languages they spoke previously, i.e. before they left home and came to UCT. The importance of speaking in their own languages, i.e. Zulu in Sisanda’s case and Afrikaans in Andrews’s case, is emphasized. Although Sisanda maintains this throughout her studies, she only speaks English when she has to in order to avoid communication problems, and takes notes in Zulu, despite her proficiency in English. Andrew on the other hand feels that English is now a major part of his identity, in addition he is learning Xhosa and Zulu (Bangeni, 2005). Legitimacy or illegitimacy of the status hierarchy refers to whether or not the hierarchy system is deemed as fair, reasonable and just or not (Bangeni, 2005). According to Sisanda, she feels that the status hierarchy present at UCT is unjust as it puts a lot of undue pressure on herself as well as other students at the university (Bangeni, 2005). Finally, permeability of group boundaries and status security refers to the extent to which individuals are able to change their identities by moving across the social boundaries (De La Rey, 2003). In both the cases, Sisanda and Andrews, there was a lack of permeability of their group boundaries. This is seen when they both feel unwelcomed by their communities as a result of the change that they had made by moving from the community to the university. The key assumption in social identity theory is called the positive social identity. This states that individuals will always strive to achieve the best and most positive identity and self-concept for themselves. In order to determine what is considered to be the best self-concept an individual will make social comparisons to themselves and other groups. Both Sisanda and Andrew were motivated to do well at school and achieve good marks in order to improve their lives and thus create a positive self-concept of themselves. Furthermore, this key assumption results in the individual making use of various identity strategies in order to achieve a positive self-concept with a high status. In order achieve this positive evaluation of themselves, perceived cognitive alternatives to the group situation that they are currently a part of are required. In other words if the members of a group are not aware of the cognitive alternatives that exist then they will be unable to change their situation and achieve the positive identity they are searching for. This can occur both, on a group level or an individual level, when a cognitive alternative is not achieved. (Taylor, 1987). On an individual level, the strategies include social mobility and intragroup comparison. Social mobility is a social system that is flexible and thus permits free movement of the individual (Taylor, 1987). Thus this is when an individual leaves a group and joins another group which provides the individual with a more positive identity. Sisanda experiences social mobility when she comes to the conclusion that her community has rejected her and as a result she will remain in Cape Town and use her degree to empower communities in this town instead of going back home to her original social group, in addition she tries to recreate her home identity at the university where she is accepted and thus this will improve her self-concept and sense of belonging. Andrew on the other hand, was also rejected by his community but he did not want to move to another group. He always wanted to maintain his home identity and this made his transition even more difficult, as a result he still remained a p art of his group by participating n NGO Programmes in the community (Bangeni, 2005). However during Andrews’s studies he made use of the second strategy, which is intragroup comparison. This is when the individual compares himself or herself with other members of his or her own group (Taylor, 1987). This is seen with Andrew when he made comparisons to the other â€Å"coloured† individuals at the university who were of a higher class then Andrew and according to Andrew they looked down upon lower class individuals. This resulted in him avoiding this group, even though it formed part of the coloured group identity that he had belonged to (Bangeni, 2005). This however form part of the lesser postulation of the theory, which states that the intragroup comparison is less likely to result in an unfavourable or negative evaluation of the individual (Taylor, 1987). Furthermore, when Andrew joined a new peer group which was of a lower social status, we cannot assume that this is social mobility as the theory states that mobility requires movement from a low-status group to a higher status group (De La Rey, 2003). Thus a criticism of this theory is that even though Andrew experienced the exit from one group and entry into another group it was not social mobility, even though ultimately he had a positive identity, to summarise this criticism one could say that this theory only focuses on improving the group’s identity and not the individuals. This is captured by stating that the social identity theory does not does not include the more realistic idea of an individual mobility strategy (Taylor, 1987). Comparatively, the cognitive alternatives include absorption, direct challenge, creativity and redefinition of characteristics. Absorption, which according to some theorists is referred to as assimilation, refers to the idea of trying to become a part of the dominant group (Taylor, 1987). This can be achieved by trying to change you appearance, ways of living and ones behaviour in order to look or act like the members of the dominant group. In the case of Sisanda and Andrew they both share a similar change in which they tried to achieve this assimilation alternative. This is with regards to their language, they both tried very hard to maintain their language identity and started of doing this very well. However in order to be a part of the dominant group and be able to communicate and prosper at the university they needed to adopt new language strategies. Sisanda says she became tolerant towards other African languages and wants to learn Sotho and Afrikaans as these are the languages that are most prevalent amongst the dominant groups in Cape Town. Despite this she still tries to maintain her Zulu identity, she takes notes in class in Zulu, and this shows clearly how she only adopts the new languages in certain settings in order to be a part of the dominant group. Andrew on the other hand initially found it very difficult to communicate I English as he was very good in Afrikaans only, however as a result of the group that Andrew spent his time with he began to change his language. He started learning to speak Xhosa a form of slang dominant to the area and the group known as â€Å"Backstage language.† Andrew completely changed with regards to language, as he began thinking in English and no longer Afrikaans, thus he adopted a new language in order to be a part of the dominant group (Bangeni, 2005). Direct challenge refers to the opposition of the dominant group by challenging them (Taylor, 1987). Sisanda showed signs of this strategy when she defended her Zulu culture amongst other groups as a result of ethnic stereotypes. Sisanda realized that this strategy did not work well in the case as she was going to lose her status amongst the members of the dominant group and as a result she maintained her Zulu identity on her own, and developed an identity of learning the other languages and ways of the culture, by means of social mobility as described previously (Bangeni, 2005). Andrew did not adopt this strategy in his time at university. Creativity is when one develops new ways in which they compare their group to others (Taylor, 1987). Andrew used this strategy by spending a lot of his time with individuals with both linguistic and economic disadvantage, and thus comparing himself and his group to them and as a result it created a more positive self and group concept for Andrew, instead of making a comparison to a more dominant group of greater advantage which would not help improve his self and group concept (Bangeni, 2005). Sisanda, on the other hand did not adopt this strategy. Finally, a strategy that was not adopted by both Sisanda and Andrew during their time at the university is the redefinition of characteristics. This is when the group redefines characteristics of the group that were previously evaluated as negative characteristics, in order to evaluate them in a more positive light now (Taylor, 1987). As seen here not all strategies were used by both the students that were discussed. The reason for this is because there is a sum of strategies, but there is no concrete solution with regards to which strategy one may prefer or prioritise over another strategy. The adoption of the strategies also depends on the level of motivation by the individual and the group, as well as their motivation to adopt one strategy over another (Taylor, 1987). A further critique of this theory is with regards to the non-cognitive alternatives that were mentioned. If one cannot achieve social mobility, they will achieve intragroup comparisons. However the theory does not look at social mobility from a psychological perspective in that the individual mentally associates themselves with another group but does not physically leave the group (Taylor, 1987). Furthermore Social Identity Theory makes the assumption that everyone views the dominant group as one that would result in a positive identity, whereas this is not always the case (Hogg, 1990). This is seen throughout Sisandas story as she maintains her Zulu Identity even when it is not the dominant group. In conclusion, Sisanda and Andrew have many group identities including, their Zulu and Coloured culture, they are both students at UCT, the courses they have taken up, their social groups and cultural backgrounds amongst many others. The main identity that they have taken up is their language and culture identity and as time progresses their new identity as a student at UCT. They both come from less dominant groups in comparison to the groups they encounter at UCT and this results in the students adopting various identity strategies in order to create a more positive self and group concept and identity. By adopting these strategies they follow the key assumption and that is that they strive to create and maintain an identity that is of a more positive regard (Taylor, 1987). The strategies they adopted resulted in a change in their identity and as a result their group membership’s as well individual identities were changed and new identities were formed in most cases. Finally c riticisms of the theory were made, and from this we come to understand the central ideas of this theory by using examples which put it into perspective and context. 2500 Words References Bangeni, B., Kapp, R. (2005). Identities in transition: Shifting conceptions of home amongst black South African university students. African Studies Review, 48(3), 1 19. De La Rey, C. Duncan, N. (2003). A social psychological perspective. In N, Duncan. K, Ratele, Social psychology. Identities and relationships (pp. 45 66). UCT Press. Hogg, M. (1990). Social identity theory. In P. Burke, Contemporary social psychological theories (pp. 111-136). California: Stanford University Press. Taylor, D. Moghaddam, F. (1987). Social identity theory. In D, Taylor. F, Moghaddam, Theories of intergroup relations: international social psychological perspectives, second edition (pp. 59 84). Westport, CT: Greenwood. Trepte, S. (2006). Social identity theory. In J, Bryant. P, Vorderer, Psychology of entertainment (pp. 256-262). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Lord of the Flies Simon as Christ Essays -- essays research papers

Simon, Christ-figure? In the book Lord of the Flies the charecter, Simon, is portrayed as a Christ-figure. He is shown to have all the qualities Christ has: intelligence, determination, and resiliance. Simon also is portrayed like Christ physically, he is skinny and not a strong person. Simon was very calm, kind, and he enjoyed being alone when ever he could. Simon was made fun of by the other kids because of how he acted and the things he said. One such ocassion was when he was talking to Ralph and said, "You'll get back to where you came from" to which Ralph replied a few lines later, "You're batty." (Page 111) Simon here has a prophecy about Ralph, and was made fun of for what he believed. Jesus was made f...

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Company background Essay

BMW (www. bmw. com) continue maintaining their strong position as one of world’s leader in premium vehicle market besides Daimler-Chrysler, Lexus, and many others. The company established in March 7, 1916 when Bayerische Flugzeug-Werke (BFW) founded. One year later, BFW was renamed to Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH (BMW) that focused on producing cars and military aircraft at that time. Within several decades in the 20th century, the company performed several acquisitions on Rover and MINI, to name a few. However, the intense competition in automobile industry that becomes more segmented has driven BMW to focus on few brands. Under such circumstances, BMW decided to sell Rover Group in 2000 but still retaining MINI brands in the BMW Group. Therefore, BMW group (www. bmwgroup. com) now has three major brands: BMW, MINI, and Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. The three segments are all in premium cars segment, thus lessen the company’s effort in building brand awareness for their products. Figure 1 BMW Group Website Source: www. bmwgroup. com 1. Business Analysis The Automobile industry is one of the most competitive global industries in the world. This is because automobile companies are generally multinational in nature because they have the need to achieve economies of scale in their production. The automobile industry represents significant portion of GDP in US and Europe. They are considered of significant importance because their existence enables other industries to work. Most automobile markets bring possess significant influence whether in their domestic as well as global markets. Moreover, there is an indication that commencing the end of the 20th century, most of the markets in modern countries are saturated and the new trend of the industry is to find new and developing markets where they can deploy their products. Similarly, automobile manufacturers are tired of facing the cutthroat competition in their markets. The situation drives them to expand their services into Asia-Pacific regions, South East Asia and other developing regions. This strategy becomes the latest trend within the global automobile industry. This generates new trends in automobile designs and their tendencies. Cheaper and fuel-efficient cars are the design of this decade. Concerning the many facets of automobile industry, below is several business analysis tools that assess how the market behave, especially relates to development of premium markets where BMW serves. 3. 1 Strategic group: BCG Matrix As mentioned previously, BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke) maintains three major brands in their portfolio. Each of them has somewhat similar markets, the premium cars, but the company further determines particular markets that each of the product portfolio serve. This strategy is carried out to avoid unnecessary cannibalism among their products. In order to analyze the performance of each product portfolio in BMW group, we can use BCG Matrix. The matrix is named after the founder, Boston Consulting Group, a well-known global business consulting firm. The basic philosophy of Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix is to assess various Strategic Business Units (SBUs) in a company portfolio. By definition, an SBU is a business unit in a company that has its own missions and objectives. It could be departments, divisions, or subsidiaries. In case of BMW group, the SBUs can be BMW product lines such as BMW 3, 5, 7 series, MINI, and Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. The BCG Growth-Share matrix composes of four quadrants that each describe BMW product lines in relation to market share and market growth rate. The BCG matrix helps BMW to understand each of their product’s life cycle and position in the market better by charting each product in one of the four quadrants. Figure 1 shows the BCG Matrix of an organization: Figure 1 BCG Matrix Source: Tutor2U, 2007 The upper left quadrants in the matrix are stars. Stars are business units or product lines within BMW Group that undergo high growth or have strong position in the market. In other words, stars are business units that have large market shares in a fast growing industry (‘Boston Consulting Box’, 2005). The characteristics of stars are they generate cash and thus revenue for a company. However, as the market for the products grows rapidly, they require extensive investment to maintain their lead. If the strategy is successful, a star will soon become a cash cow when its industry matures. In case of BMW, the stars are their USA division since the marker experience fast growth. In 2003 alone, the USA division records a history since it become the Group’s strongest market with 8. 0% growth or represents the sales of 277,037 units in the 2003. In terms of product line, the stars are BMW 7 series as they continue achieving a growing pattern of sales. In 2003, the sales of BMW 7 series rose 8. 2% compared to previous year. Another star is BMW X5 that record a 4. 6% of growth or represents the sales of 105,554 units. The second quadrant in the lower left is cash cows. It is similar to main sources of revenues/income for a company where it represents a product line(s) that continue exhibiting low-growth businesses or they have a relatively high market share (‘Boston Consulting Box’, 2005). Cash Cow is a business unit that has a large market share in a mature, slow growing industry. Due to the slowing down of market growth, cash cows only need little investment and generate cash that can be used to invest in other business units. In BMW case, the cash cow is the home market, Germany. In the home country, BMW experiences declining trend in which in 2003, it recorded -0. 9% of growth compared to the previous year. Meanwhile, concerning the product lines, the cash cows are BMW 3 series and 5 series. The BMW 3 series, for example, have many models that all of them continue showing declining sales volume. The sales of BMW 3 series Limousine, for instances, decline by 5. 9% compared to 2002. Similarly, the sales of BMW 5 series also plummets by -23. 5% compared to the previous year sales volume. In the upper right of the matrix lie question marks. It represents BMW product line(s) that exhibit low market share but operate in higher growth markets (‘Boston Consulting Box’, 2005). These business units require resources to grow market share, but whether they will succeed and become stars is unknown or potentially less likely. The last quadrant is Dogs. They are BMW’s products lines that have low relative market share in unattractive, low-growth markets (‘Boston Consulting Box’, 2005). It means that dog is a business unit that has a small market shares in a matured industry. A dog may not require substantial cash, but it ties up capital that could better be deployed elsewhere. If a dog has no other strategic purpose, it had better to liquidate the product lines since the product lines have little opportunities to gain market share. Based on the above analysis, we can decide which BMW brands belongs to quadrants in BCG Matrix as following.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Aravind Eye Hospital Essays

Aravind Eye Hospital Essays Aravind Eye Hospital Essay Aravind Eye Hospital Essay In the present scenario achieving effective and efficient health care services is an acute issue that needs an immediate attention. In developing countries this problem is mostly common as the government alone is not fully capable in undertaking different challenges to meet the heath needs of fast growing populations. There was a need to develop an alternate or parallel heath care system which will support the government efforts, but is self –supporting. This need was realised by Dr. GOVINDAPPA VENKATASWAMY who founded the ARVIND EYE CARE HOSPITAL  in 1976(based on the concept of McDONALDIZTION) because of his passionate concern to eradicate the problem of needless blindness in the India. This essay will analyse the impact of applying these principles of McDONALDIZATION to Arvind eye care hospital and will discuss the journey and achievements of this world largest eye care provider of the world while referring to its great positive impact on the poorer sections of the society. Firstly we will talk about the problem of needless blindness in India which led to the evolution of aravind eye care hospitals. Then we discuss about the concept of McDONALDIZATION and its  impact on aravind eye care hospitals and the leadership qualities of Dr. Venkataswamy that lead to increase the efficiency of the hospitals from two to seven times and finally conclude the global impact, advantages and contribution of this great health care system. INFINITE VISION Over 80% of blindness in India is needless and can be prevented; with this mission of eradicating needless blindness Dr. VENKATASWAMY founded aravind eye hospital in 1976 with the help of his family members. The Aravind Eye Care System is now the largest and most productive eye care facility in the world with its main  operational office in Madurai, India. Starting with modest 11 bed clinic now they have extended their operations over 5 hospitals remarkably all are self sustaining, situated in different states of southern India. A doctor at aravind perform on an average of 2000 surgeries per year(where on contrary the national average is just 220 each year) and with such experience due to increased number of patients they have developed art techniques and have become fully trained to match the excellent facilities. Each year over 1. 4 million patients our treated in these hospitals and 60%  of patients are treated free, still the business is highly profitable due to large no. of patients revenue from fee paying customers (40%) not only covers the average cost per operation (across free and paying patients) but also generates surplus funds that covers the growth and expansion cost. The key building blocks for developing Aravind Eye care system was transferring the ideas and techniques used by a well established chain of fast food restaurants McDonalds, this wide ranging process is called Mcdonaldization, that is, the process by which the principles of fast-food  restaurants are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as rest of the world (THE McDONALDIZATION OF SOCIETY by George Ritzer, 1996) , but not only restaurants business its affects can also be seen in various sectors of the society like education, health care, church services and many more. Aravind hospitals under the leadership of Dr. Venkataswamy managed to reach at peak and have turned out to be a role model business structure for other enterprises that can examine and adopt its features to establish their own successful business. Leadership a process of influencing activities of organised group in its efforts towards goal-setting and goal achievement (Buchanan Huczynski, 2010:596) Dr. G. Venkataswamy had all the leadership qualities and he perfectly adapted all the aspects and principles of McDONALDIZATION in the medical field and have been able to develop an enormous and successful business model. In 1976 on his retirement from the Government Medical College organised rural eye camps within the country and gathered their patients to the nearest hospitals base for minor treatments or surgeries (if required). Patients not only receive free medical services but are also provided foods, lodging and even return transport completely free of charge. He applied the principles of McDONALDIZATION which is a simple process that aims to train people all around the globe irrespective of their religions, cultures to produce a product in the same way and deliver it in the same manner all around the world. The founder members of aravind were interested in making a franchise of delivering eye care services with the effectiveness and efficiency of MaCDONALDS, the priority  was for the human welfare for this reason they established the aravind system (not for profit-organisation) to provide free eye care services to poorer people of society and rest can use these services at a very low price (market price). Even if they lay more emphasis on providing quantity of services but they have been able to maintain the standard quality for their products and services. The young and motivated paramedical team at aravind is the backbone of this system and are annually recruited from the nearby villages are provided with proper training like counselling, theatre duty, housekeeping etc. Being productive to meet the needs and demands of their patients they have pioneered a system that enables them to do high volume work with the help of application of principles of the McDONALDS. Aravind were the first in India who realised the need for manufacturing lenses within the country for the purpose of making these lenses available and affordable for the patients. Prior to this the lenses were imported from the western countries reason being that there was no production in the home country. Each lens would cost around $200 that was expensive and not affordable in  most of the developing countries. So the founders at aravind eye hospital decided to device their own method for manufacturing lenses with the help of Macdonaldization to cope up with the international standards and sell their production at just $5 a piece. Currently aravind are manufacturing and exporting their lenses to around 85 countries across the world to achieve global welfare prospects. He has been able to devise a system, which not only tend to delivers high quality and quantity but is also reproducible. The model is now diffused widely and there are  currently five hospitals only in Tamil Nadu that are contributing towards their primary objectives by offering nearly 4000 beds, the majority of which are free. It has moved its operations beyond cataract surgery to providing education, lens manufacturing, research and development and other linked activities around their motive of improving sight and easy access to treatment and affordability which enabled them to reach more and more sectors of the society. The principles of McDONALDS that have been applied to the aravind hospitals are the stepping stones which led to its enormous success. The principle of efficiency was achieved by aravind hospitals via evaluating the best route to achieve the targeted goals of the organisation some of them included waste reduction, elimination non-value generating activities, achieving excellence in operations, commitment for superior customer services. The MaCDONALDS principle of predictability was applied in aravind model by providing people with same products and services from one time to another or one place to another people are more likely to be treated in the same manner, no matter what their race, gender, or social class. Thus bringing consistency in their work and which led to strict optimization on the costs inquired. The application of the principle of calculability was imposed to lay more emphasis on quantity rather than quality with the aim to meet the needs of increased population of patients not only from India but including the demands from rest of the world. The most important principle of MaCDONALDS the use non human technology was well established in the aravind organisational structure that lays more emphasis on carrying out their operations with the help of machines rather than using human technology. This enabled them to do more operations and indulge in more surgeries in a year thus healing large number of patients. Dr. Venkataswamy a legendary surgeon has devoted his life’s 50years to his mission to restore sight to the blind and his work has resulted in one of the world’s most extraordinary models of service delivery. His inspiring life journey of a visionary dedicated to serving humanity outlines the evolution of the aravind model and glimpses into the spirituality that has guided both for over 50 years in service for sight. Conclusion From this case study it can be concluded that with efficient use of the principles of  Mcdonaldization aravind eye hospitals have reached their glory by accomplishing all their objectives of providing quality services to its patients at affordable prices. The principles of efficiency, predictability, calculability are aptly used in the model structure of aravind hospital that provided them with necessary boost that led to increased number of operations and lead to welfare of the society globally. All these principles enabled the organisation to reach high level of quality and helped them to become the largest provider of eye surgeries. This business model has proved that  the principles of mcdonaldization can be applied to various fields in the society with some amount of practical knowledge can lead to enormous success and with business running in the hands of Dr. Venkataswamy who has proved himself by applying his all qualities and extraordinary skills they he has gained over a long 50 years of journey enabled him to achieve all his goals to serve the society. He also quoted that â€Å"Intelligence and capability are not enough there must be the joy of doing something beautiful â€Å" Dr. Govindappa Venkataswamy Aravinds unique human resource policies and well organised in-house training  activities has enabled them to recognise the best medical talent and have created a spirit of accountability and managed to create a high rate of involvement and increased their success rate. Referencing 1. BOOKS GEORGE RITZER (1996)†THE MCDONALDIZATION OF SOCIETY† CALIFORNIA PINE FORGE PRESS. 2. WEBSITES WWW. ARAVIND. ORG/ABOUTUS WWW. MROOMS. AC. CO. UK IN MAKING THIS VISION COME ALIVE DR G. VENKATASWAMY HAS NOT ONLY DEMONSTRATED CONSIDERABLE ENTREPRENEURIAL FLAIR –HE HAS CREATED A TEMPLATE WHICH OTHERS, INCLUDING HEALTH PROVIDERS IN THE ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES, ARE NOW LOOKING AT VERY CLOSELY.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Looking At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay Essays

Looking At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay Essays Looking At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay Essay Looking At The Social Work Profession Social Work Essay Essay The societal work profession promotes societal alteration, job resolution in human relationships and the authorization and release of people to heighten wellbeing. Using theories of human behavior and societal systems, societal work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments Principles of human rights and societal justness are cardinal to societal work IFSW ( 2010 ) The country of moralss in societal work is immense! Presenting many factors we need to believe about topics such as different moral beliefs, civilizations and the person s personal values, all of which can play a immense portion. The general rules and ethical motives required in supplying an effectual service which causes small or no injury can frequently accidentally do quandary that can be damaging to the original state of affairs. Social workers deal with some of the most vulnerable people in our society at times of greatest emphasis. There can be tragic effects if things go incorrect. Social workers frequently get bad imperativeness. What they do non acquire is twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours coverage of the work they do to protect and supply for some of the most vulnerable people in our society Smith DOH ( 2002 ) Cited in Parker ( 2006 ) . Current societal work values started to germinate in the eighteenth century when the Industrial Revolution started altering where and how people lived and worked. The twentieth Century brought in statute law which allowed the province to step in ; this led to many in-between category people going more involved in instance work voluntary societal work as it was so known. The British Government asked William Beveridge ( 1879 ) to bring forth a study ( The Beveridge Report 1942 ) and shortly after this, when Labour took power ( 1945 ) , the Welfare State was introduced. The National Health Service was introduced in 1948 which provided free medical intervention for all. Poverty was recognised once more in the 1960 s from a Marxist position believing it to be structurally caused, hence advancing a demand for societal alteration. These positions besides influenced the civil rights motions, feminism, disablement rights and anti-discrimination, taking to the growing of province societal work in the 1970 s. Biestek ( 1974 ) , Timms ( 1983 ) and Butrym ( 1976 ) , are recognised for their influence in relation to traditional values. Each developed a list of ethical rules ( Appendix 1 ) and believed their ethical rules could be a utile tool within any scene, societal work included. Credence: regard for the client ; self-government Non-judgemental non reprobating the client. Parrott ( 2006 ) Using values and moralss in the foundation of societal work has been cardinal within its development, the effects and effects of which the societal worker has to take duty for, and be cognizant of their actions as portion of their responsibility of attention. Not making so may take to unintended effects, and determinations they have been involved in may ensue in the less favorable results. Contemplation and utilizing analytical tools could turn out helpful, this will be disputing to the societal worker on a personal degree as it may conflict with their personal values and be really nerve-racking. However, adhering to codifications of pattern and following the cardinal regulations of societal work the Social Worker can authorise the service user to do picks, some of which which may non accomplish the coveted result. Guaranting we pattern in an Anti-oppressive and Anti-Discriminative mode. AOP Considers the whole individual and enables the societal worker to associate to serve user s societal context taking on board personal, institutional, cultural A ; economic issues analyze how there affect person s behavior A ; chances to develop as a individual populating within society. Dominelli ( 2002 ) The definition of values harmonizing to Dictionary of Social Work is a belief that something is good and desirable. It defines what is of import, worthwhile and deserving endeavoring for. Thompson A ; Pierson ( 1999 ) Social work is governed by its ain codifications of pattern, which are for the benefit of service users that come into contact with it. The codifications are a set of regulations that must be adhered to in order to assist those who are in demand of support. The Codes of Practice ( 2001 ) were written by the General Social Care Council in order to better and modulate societal services. Within the General Social Care Council Codes of Practice it states that societal workers must: Treat each individual as an person ; Respect and where appropriate, advancing the single positions and wants of both service users and carers ; Support service users rights to command their lives and do informed picks about the services they receive. By adhering to the codifications of pattern societal workers should besides keep the traditional societal work values. Leting societal worker to be cognizant of other different cultural, structural positions or societal differences that influence society s values and moralss if they are to avoid doing mistakes of opinion . ( OLoughlin, M A ; S. ( 2008 ) The Code of Ethics provinces that there are five cardinal rules that societal workers need to utilize as a pattern base. Human Dignity and Worth back uping the individual and their carer, handling them as persons and listening to what their concerns are, Social Justice guaranting that they receive a just service by adhering to AOP/ADP, Service to Humanity and Integrity by being honest with them about what they can anticipate and Competence by guaranting that we as societal workers understand their demands and working with them to happen the best possible solution. No other bureau considers the rights of their service users as societal work profession does. ( BASW.co.uk ) In Great Britain, presently, 1 in 10 grownups are informal carers ( Carers.org ) . We need to recognize the carer s experience and cognition sing the individual they care for, foregrounding what they may hold had to give up to supply the attention needed. These people can be together 24 hours a twenty-four hours seeing alterations and modus operandis daily. We as professionals should esteem their experience and work positively together to supply a better quality of service for all parties within the attention. The ethical duty of the practician whether a counselor, societal worker or a physician to construct up the trust between themselves and the clients. This will assist to advance the relationship between them ( Gillon 1992 ) . We should work together with carers when planning, support and supplying back uping services, seeing the carer as a spouse who has more insight on the development and issues so we would hold as professionals, being flexible and maintaining the carer informed of the attacks we are utilizing and utilizing their priceless cognition and what can be really complex demands, mark posting aid if we can non offer a service. Carers save this state an estimated ?87 billion in attention fee s ( Carers.org ) Whilst we should authorise carers and esteem the occupation they do, we must see what they may hold given up and how this has made them experience. In my sentiment this could hold a negative consequence for the carer, as it could take to alterations in societal standings financially etc. We encourage people to go carers but we do non, within our benefits system, do our carers feel valued. To measure up for ?53.90 Carers Allowance you have to care for person: More than 35 hours a hebdomad You can non gain more than ?100 per hebdomad You can non analyze more than 21 hours a hebdomad Yet we offer far less than the minimal pay ( ?5.80 per hr ) to some of our most valued members of society. At minimal pay 35 hours would be ?203 per hebdomad. Beck and Beck-Gernsheim ( 1999 ) in Garrett ( 2003 ) talked about individualization , About an individualised society in which we learn to gestate of ourselves as the pivot around which life revolves In the instance of a carer, it is frequently viewed that they are the 3rd party and should travel along with what is offered, instead than utilizing their valuable information and aid which is geared towards doing the both parties lives a small easier. This will impact everybody, the handicapped individual will hold their demands met leting the carer to hold a little more clip for their ain good being. Even down to reprieve attention this will let the carer to hold a entire interruption, coming back more prepared to carry through the undertakings in front of them, nevertheless we must be aware when booking respite attention that the carer needs to be involved in the planning as they will cognize precisely what is needed. By making this it besides allows the carer to experience valued and able to travel on their interruption feeling relaxed in the cognition that their loved one demands are being meet. Thompson ( 2001 ) says that anti discriminatory pattern is, An attack to societal work pattern which seeks to cut down, undermine or extinguish favoritism and subjugation, specifically in footings of disputing sexism, racism, agism, and disablism aˆÂ ¦.and other signifiers of favoritism encountered in societal work . We must ever handle carers with regard, self-respect and demo empathy for them as persons admiting what they may hold given up to care for their loved 1. We should besides accept that they may now be enduring from a societal disadvantage by populating in poorness. We need to admit how they feel and listen to their feelings and demo them that their sentiments do count. It is critical for them to hold their ain demands met so they can go on making such an first-class occupation and do them experience valued and appreciated. Oliver ( 1987 ) criticises many professionals sing their professionalism with handicapped people frequently presuming they know what is best for the individual, this proviso of services in this manner is at best patronising and at worst farther disabling, since the disable individual and their carer are the best Judgess, following this process could be oppressive leting the user to go inactive receivers of services that other think they should hold. Cited Thompson ( 2001 ) Valuess and moralss are non merely practical affairs that we can extricate through consistent statements ; they are a combination of ideas and feelings closely linked to action working with carers which can be a really complex and sensitive procedure. There must be differentiations on how to use societal work values and moralss into their professional work, without doing personal struggle. Social work will ever be a ambitious and challenging procedure for all societal workers. There are many cases in professional life where simple replies are non available to decide complex ethical issues. Personal values are a set of moral beliefs alone to each individual. Some factors that can act upon our personal values are households, spiritual beliefs, instruction and wider social norms. Thompson ( 2001 ) uses a theoretical account known as the PCS theoretical account, which explains how personal, cultural and structural degrees of value affect the manner we think. In the structural degree, it is shown how society by and large views things. I can see how of import my personal value base has become and how it can act upon and impact my turning professional cognition and values. I basically believe that contemplation has helped vastly already and it will ever be of import for pattern now and in the hereafter. Reflexive-therapeutic attack is geared towards advancing and easing personal growing in order to enable people to cover with agony and disadvantage they experience . Thompson ( 2005 ) I assumed my values and beliefs would hold arisen from my household, societal activity and personal experiences, neer taking the political and societal facets into history. I now realise, through contemplation, values and beliefs can be influenced by many things such as parents, media, equals, civilization and faith ( Parrott, 2006 ) . I steadfastly disagree with most of my parent s values and beliefs and have non taken these on board. I am truly get downing to understand how naif I was about people s religion and beliefs. I am now really cognizant of my actions and believe I now take duty for them and am able reflect on how of import a individual s civilization is to their individuality. I have neer felt I would know apart against people on the evidences of their race, faith, civilization, linguistic communication, societal position and life style. In decision I have attempted to show my understanding and cognition of societal work values that I have gained over the last twelvemonth whilst shiping on my grade, my cognition and apprehension and personal positions have been challenged leting me to reflect on how I look at everything, now far more in deepness, peculiarly disputing my values doing me cognizant of how judgemental and media driven I was. I am now cognizant that there are ever two sides to every narrative and that the media merely want to sell newspapers, they have really few consciences in how they achieve this. I believe everybody is entitled to an sentiment within a democracy trusting this would act upon peoples ways of believing whilst being respectful to others and making so in peaceable and anti-discriminatory manner. Social work is political activity, that operates within the context of sets of power dealingss, the power of the jurisprudence and the province, inherent in societal divisions such as category, race, gender and the micro degree power of personal interactions. Indeed, power can be seen to run at all three degrees, personal, cultural A ; structural . Thompson ( 1998 ) We need to care more for carers as they are an highly valuable portion of society salvaging the state one million millions in attention measures every twelvemonth. Sympathizing the belief carers should hold more rights to information and services available to them ; it is a really hard and nerve-racking experience to travel though when your life alterations dramatically and your universe is turned upside down from what you know. It is difficult plenty to acquire used to the alterations without being oppressed by the province, which frequently say sorry you do non run into out standards . From personal experience I can state that when I asked for aid I was in a truly hard topographic point and unsure where to travel or what to make. I was non given any advice or signposted to voluntary services. This led to me going ailing and unable to run into my Autistic kids s demands which affected our whole household unit as my hubby so had to take clip off from work to look after our kids and I. I had to give up my occupation and go a full clip parent/carer, taking away my independency ; it was a dilemma my hubby and I had to face which besides had fiscal deductions. As a societal worker I will endeavor to run into the demands for the service user by adhering to the codifications and moralss, handling them all with self-respect, recommending societal justness to persons with the belief everybody is entitled to equality and protection from unfairness and favoritism, be empathetic, honest, authorising and maintain them informed I believe this goes a long manner to constructing a professional relationship whilst working in partnership with the carer. Word Count: 1978 Mentions: 527 Mentions: Beck, V. and Beck-Gernsheim, E. ( 1999 ) The Normal Chaos of Love, Cambridge: Civil order. Dominelli, L. ( 2002 ) Anti-Oppressive Social Work Theory and Practice, Basingstoke: MacMillan. General Social Care Council ( 2002 ) Codes of Practice. London. Gillon, R ( 1992 ) Philosophical Medical Ethics, London: Antony Rowe Ltd. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.basw.co.uk/about/codeofethics/ [ accessed 2 Jun 2010 ] Hollinrake, S. ( 2010 ) Valuess and Ethical motives, ( .pdf ) The problem with Harry: Why the New Agenda of Life Politics fails to convert , cited in ( 2009 ) British Journal of Social Work. [ Lecture to BA Hons Social Work Year 1 ] 4 Jun 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.carers.org/ [ accessed 4 Jun 2010 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ifsw.org/p38000020.html [ accessed 2 Jun 2010 ] OLoughlin, M. and Mcloughlin, S. ( 2008 ) Social Work with Children and Families, 2nd Edition, Exeter: Learning Matters. Parker, J. ( 2006 ) Effective Practice Learning In Social Work, Exeter: Learning Matters. Parrott, L. ( 2006 ) Valuess and Ethical motives in Social Work Practice, Exeter: Learning Matters. Thomas, M. and Pierson, J. ( 1999 ) Dictionary of Social Work, London: HarperCollins. Thompson, N. ( 2006 ) Peoples Problems, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Thompson, N. ( 2001 ) Anti-Discriminatory Practice, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Thompson, N. ( 2005 ) Understanding Social Work, Fixing For Practice ( 2nd ed. ) , Basingstoke: Palgrave. Appendix 2 Features of Carers 3.3 million adult females ; 2.4 million work forces ; Most likely to be aged 45-64 ; 9 out of 10 carers attention for a comparative 2 out of 10 for spouse or partner 4 out of 10 for parent ( s ) One half of all carers look after person aged over75 18 % of carers look after more than one individual. Economic position 49 per cent of carers in Great Britain are working, either full or portion clip. A farther 26 per cent are retired. The balance 25 per cent -are either unemployed or economically inactive which includes those unable to work, possibly because of their ain unwellness or disablement or because of the nature of their lovingness duties Carers.org [ Accessed 02.06.2010 ]

Monday, November 4, 2019

Government agencies tend to define performance in terms of economy, Assignment

Government agencies tend to define performance in terms of economy, efficiency and effectiveness. What do you understand by thes - Assignment Example The public also fails to appreciate the government for its services and think that it should do more. However, the government performs its major role of providing an enabling environment where this private sector is able to do its activities. The problem is, therefore, the negative public perception towards the government not lack of efficiency, effectiveness or being economic. Introduction A government is a group of people who are chosen by citizens, of a particular, to run various activities on their behalf. The running of the country’s affairs by the people they have elected, requires various resources. The resources needed to run a government are financial resources, human resources, and natural resources. These resources especially the financial resources are not always in good supply. With the current state of uncertainty in resources available to a government, they have to make maximum use of any resource that they have at a certain time. Most governments finance their operations through collecting taxes and then using the money on the basis of how well the money can bring benefits to the people. To know how well the money from tax is utilized, the issue of comparing how well a government and private sector uses a certain amount of money, is the starting point. Discussion A government has its set goals to ensure that it utilizes its resources well. Efficiency is said to be achieved when a government uses a given amount of resources and gets as much benefits as possible from the use of that resource. Efficiency is measured by gauging how great the results or the outputs obtained exceeds cost consumed or resources utilized. Efficiency is a word used to mean how close or far a government or a private organization is, so that it can achieve what it had planned to get or how well they have solved a problem. The two words, efficiency and effectiveness, therefore, are different. Efficiency is measured without paying attention to cost. In efficiency the g overnment tries as much as possible to do an activity well, but in effectiveness the government does the right activity for the citizens. Efficiency, most of the time is associated with the private sector. The private sector are organizations or private people who are investing their resources, with the hope of getting more than what they invested. In this sense, therefore, the private sector is said to be more efficient because they can show how well they have done their activities. For example, since the main focus of private sector is to make big profits, many private companies report to the public how much money they have earned as profit (Starks 22). When people realize that a certain company has made huge profits, they tend to criticize the government for lack of efficiency. The public feels that the government should be able to do many activities using the money it collect from them through taxation. The private sector at times also criticize the government for lack of effici ency. The public also blames the government and demands that it should embrace ways used by the private, but forgets two important issues. The first issue is that the private sector would wish to be given control over the areas that they complain the government is not efficient. (Granof 43). The private sector complains deliberately so that the public would supports them in forcing the government, to give

Friday, November 1, 2019

Two pantings from the getty museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two pantings from the getty museum - Essay Example Both paintings are approximately from the same time period, with about 20 years difference between each other, both are allegorical, and both make an open and manifest reference to fields of knowledge through the humanization of concepts, personifying mentations. But there the similarities end. Van Mieris' diminutive Pictura is an oil-on-copper that displays a frequent simplicity in tandem with a minute attention to detail (see Getty Museum), typical of the Dutch art from the period, as well as the pearlescent finish in general achieved by using copper as a medium. It is a tiny portrait (5" x 3 ") of a young girl (Pictura, the art of painting in human form) who has an unobtrusive aura about her, whether worked in by Van Mieris or inherent to her nature, we will never know. In the crook of her left arm she holds a small figure, a white sculpture of a nude man that looks very Greco-Roman in its workmanship, possibly alluding to the rediscovery of classical antiquity -that is, an idealized vision of Greek and Roman culture- as a major factor for explaining the origin of the Renaissance (see "Classical"). Also in her left hand she holds a palette and some brushes. Her right hand is poised on a necklace from which a large mask pendant hangs.